Using the site Books and films

Further reading and watching

Books and films

These are the books, films and archives that tell this story well, or tell it in a way worth knowing about. Each one says which page of this site it belongs to. Where a film takes liberties with the facts, or shows the injured and the dead, the card says so.

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Documentaries

  • The Day After Trinity

    1980Jon H. Else, KTEH88 minutes

    The life of J. Robert Oppenheimer, from the Los Alamos laboratory and the Trinity test to the 1954 security hearing, told through newly released government film and the memories of colleagues and friends. It was nominated for the Academy Award for documentary feature and won a Peabody Award.1 2 3 4 5

    peabodyawards.comThe bomb

  • The Bomb

    2015Rushmore DeNooyer, Lone Wolf Media for PBSabout two hours (two 60-minute parts)

    How the first atomic bomb was developed and how the world has lived with nuclear weapons since, using newly restored and recently declassified footage. It includes interviews with Richard Rhodes, William Perry, George Shultz, scientists, pilots and witnesses.6 7

    pbsinternational.orgThe bomb

  • The Trials of J. Robert Oppenheimer (American Experience)

    2009David Grubin, PBS American Experienceabout two hours

    Oppenheimer’s life from childhood through his leadership of Los Alamos to the 1954 security hearing that ended his government career, with interviews with former colleagues and historians.8

    On accuracy The hearing scenes are performed by actors, with David Strathairn as Oppenheimer, and PBS says their words are taken from the hearing transcript.

    pbs.orgThe bomb

  • To End All War: Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb

    2023Christopher Cassel84 minutes

    The life and career of Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project, with archive film of the bombings and of survivors.9

    Content note Real archive footage of dead bodies and badly burned survivors

    bbfc.co.ukThe bombThe cost

  • Trinity and Beyond

    1995Peter Kuran91 minutes

    How the United States designed, built and tested atomic and hydrogen bombs, told through previously unreleased and classified government test film, narrated by William Shatner.10

    fest.afi.comThe bomb

  • The World at War, episode 24: The Bomb (February to September 1945)

    1974David Elstein for Thames Television (series producer Jeremy Isaacs)56 minutes (16mm print)

    The episode of Thames Television’s war series, made with the Imperial War Museum, on the development of the atomic bomb and its use against Japan, narrated by Laurence Olivier.11

    bampfa.orgThe missionsThe cost

  • The War, episode 7: A World Without War

    2007Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, PBS127 minutes

    The last episode of the series, covering Roosevelt’s death, Germany’s surrender, Okinawa, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan’s surrender and veterans coming home.12

    pbs.orgThe missionsThe cost

  • Hiroshima

    2005Paul Wilmshurst, BBCabout 90 minutes (94 on the UK DVD)

    A drama documentary for the 60th anniversary that mixes survivor and witness interviews, archive film, computer graphics and full-scale reconstructions, narrated by John Hurt. It won the International Emmy for documentary and a BAFTA for visual effects in 2006.13 14 15 16

    On accuracy The reconstructed scenes are staged dramatisations, not archive film.

    Content note Dramatised violence and distressing scenes (BBFC 12)

    paulwilmshurst.comThe planeThe missionsThe cost

  • White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

    2007Steven Okazaki, HBO86 minutes

    Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and four Americans from the bombing missions, among them Enola Gay navigator Theodore Van Kirk, tell their stories with no narration or expert commentary. It won a 2008 Emmy for exceptional merit in nonfiction filmmaking.17 18 19 20 21

    Content note Real images of the dead and injured (BBFC 18)

    farallonfilms.comThe costThe missions

  • Atomic People

    2024Megumi Inman and Benedict Sanderson, Minnow Films for BBC Two89 minutes

    Some of the last hibakusha, survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs who were mostly children in 1945, give their testimony nearly 80 years on. First shown on BBC Two on 31 July 2024, it won the BAFTA for Specialist Factual in 2025.22 23

    bbc.co.ukThe cost

  • The Day the Bomb Dropped

    2015Leslie Woodhead, for Smithsonian Channelabout 46 minutes (one-hour slot with adverts)

    The Hiroshima mission told by people who built the bomb, crew who dropped it and survivors in the city, with Enola Gay navigator Theodore Van Kirk’s account, recorded shortly before he died, at its centre. Narrated by Dominic West.24 25

    On accuracy Reason’s reviewer found it vivid but neither encyclopedic nor searching on the decision to drop the bomb, and short on its ethics.

    Content note Real photographs of burned bodies

    lesliewoodhead.comThe planeThe missionsThe cost

  • Hiroshima-Nagasaki, August 1945

    1970Erik Barnouw (producer) and Paul Ronder (editor), from footage by Nippon Eiga Sha under Akira Iwasaki16 to 17 minutes

    Film shot by Japanese cameramen in both cities soon after the bombings, confiscated and classified by the United States, then edited into a short film at Columbia University when it was released.26 27 28

    Content note Real film of the dying in crowded hospitals

    idfa.nlThe cost

  • Paper Lanterns

    2016Barry Frechette, with Max Esposito60 minutes

    Shigeaki Mori, a Hiroshima survivor and historian, spent decades tracing the 12 American prisoners of war killed by the bomb, among them Normand Brissette and Ralph Neal, and meeting their families in the United States.29 30

    bu.eduThe cost

  • The Vow from Hiroshima

    2019Susan Strickler82 minutes

    Hiroshima survivor Setsuko Thurlow’s lifelong campaign against nuclear weapons, through her 2017 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech for ICAN, and her friendship with second-generation survivor Mitchie Takeuchi.31

    bullfrogfilms.comThe cost

  • The Atomic Cafe

    1982Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader and Pierce Rafferty88 to 89 minutes

    A collage of government films, newsreels and advertisements from the early nuclear age, with no narrator, showing how Americans were taught to live with the bomb. It was added to the National Film Registry in 2016.32 33 34 35

    On accuracy The Library of Congress essay reads it as a study of government propaganda and says it sometimes underplays the complexity of the period.

    kinolorberedu.comThe cost

Feature films and drama

Feature films change events to tell a story. The notes say where the changes matter.

  • The Beginning or the End

    1947Norman Taurog, MGM112 minutes

    MGM’s dramatised account of the Manhattan Project and the Hiroshima mission, with actors playing Groves, Oppenheimer and Truman.36 37 38

    On accuracy Groves had script approval and Truman had a scene reshot, and the film invented heavy flak over Hiroshima and warning leaflets dropped on the city beforehand (Greg Mitchell).

    catalog.afi.comThe bombThe planeThe missions

  • Above and Beyond

    1952Melvin Frank and Norman Panama121 to 123 minutes

    Robert Taylor plays Paul Tibbets, from testing the B-29 to the Hiroshima mission, with the story told through the memories of his wife Lucey (Eleanor Parker). It premiered in Washington on 31 December 1952.39 40 41

    On accuracy The AFI Catalog notes that many characters are fictional or composites, but that Tibbets’ career, most of the Enola Gay crew and his part in the bomb project are broadly accurate.

    catalog.afi.comThe planeTinianThe missions

  • Enola Gay: The Men, the Mission, the Atomic Bomb

    1980David Lowell Rich138 to 150 minutes (video releases)

    A television film about the crew of the B-29 that dropped the first atomic bomb, from the events that led to the decision to the Hiroshima mission, based on the book by Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan-Witts.42 43

    encyclopedia.comThe planeTinianThe missions

  • Day One

    1989Joseph Sargent; written by David W. Rintels; CBS141 minutes

    A television film about the race to build the atomic bomb, adapted from Peter Wyden’s book Day One: Before Hiroshima and After. It won the 1989 Emmy for outstanding drama or comedy special.44 45 46

    televisionacademy.comThe bomb

  • Fat Man and Little Boy

    1989Roland Joffé126 minutes

    General Leslie Groves, played by Paul Newman, drives the Manhattan Project and Oppenheimer’s Los Alamos laboratory to build the bomb. It was released in the UK as Shadow Makers.47 48 49

    On accuracy Michael Merriman, whose fatal criticality accident the film shows, is a fictional composite of two real physicists; the real accidents killed Harry Daghlian (August 1945) and Louis Slotin (May 1946), and Richard Rhodes called its Oppenheimer ‘an ignorant distortion of the man’.

    Content note Dramatised fatal radiation injury (BBFC PG: bloody horror)

    catalog.afi.comThe bomb

  • Hiroshima: Out of the Ashes

    1990Peter Werner, NBC95 to 98 minutes

    A television drama of the aftermath of the bombing of Hiroshima in August 1945, with Max von Sydow and Judd Nelson, made for the 45th anniversary.50 51 52

    Content note Dramatised aftermath of the bombing (BBFC 15)

    televisionacademy.comThe cost

  • Oppenheimer

    2023Christopher Nolan180 minutes

    Nolan’s life of Oppenheimer, played by Cillian Murphy, from Los Alamos and the Trinity test to the 1954 security hearing.53 54 55

    On accuracy Historian Alex Wellerstein finds much of the dialogue drawn from documents but some scenes resting on late or doubtful sources, and the Union of Concerned Scientists notes that the Japanese victims and the Trinity downwinders are almost absent.

    Content note Brief imagined scenes of burning skin and charred bodies (BBFC 15)

    lareviewofbooks.orgThe bomb

  • Manhattan

    2014 to 2015Sam Shaw, WGN Americatwo series, 23 episodes

    A television drama series set among the scientists and their families at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project.56 57 58 59

    On accuracy Physics Today’s reviewer found the main characters fictional, with many small errors of detail and an invented subplot about a Chinese physicist.

    physicstoday.aip.orgThe bomb

  • Children of Hiroshima Gembaku no ko

    1952Kaneto Shindo85 to 97 minutes

    A teacher who lost her family returns to Hiroshima seven years after the bombing to visit her former kindergarten pupils. It was based on Arata Osada’s 1951 collection of children’s accounts and filmed in the city, with local children in the cast.60 61 62

    harvardfilmarchive.orgThe cost

  • Hiroshima Hiroshima

    1953Hideo Sekigawa, Japan Teachers’ Union104 minutes

    Teachers, pupils and their families live through the bombing and its aftermath, in a drama based on the children’s accounts in Arata Osada’s 1951 book. An estimated 90,000 residents of the city, many of them survivors, appeared as extras.63 64 65

    Content note Dramatised burns and dead bodies, including children (BBFC 12)

    arrowfilms.comThe cost

  • Hiroshima mon amour

    1959Alain Resnais; written by Marguerite Duras86 to 91 minutes

    A French actress and a Japanese architect, lovers in postwar Hiroshima, talk through memory and forgetting, set against the city’s bombing.63 66 67 68 69

    On accuracy Sequences from the 1953 Japanese drama Hiroshima were used in the film, so not all of its opening images of the aftermath are newsreel.

    Content note Documentary images of atomic bomb victims (BBFC 12)

    bfi.org.ukThe cost

  • Black Rain Kuroi ame

    1989Shohei Imamura123 minutes

    From Masuji Ibuse’s novel: years after the bombing, a couple try to find a husband for their niece, whose suitors back away over rumours of radiation sickness.70 71

    Content note Long scenes of burned, injured and dead people, including infants (BBFC 15)

    harvardfilmarchive.orgThe cost

  • Rhapsody in August Hachigatsu no kyoshikyoku

    1991Akira Kurosawa97 to 99 minutes

    An elderly woman whose husband died in the Nagasaki bombing spends a summer with her four grandchildren, and a Japanese-American nephew, played by Richard Gere, visits.72 73 74

    On accuracy Roger Ebert records that critics at Cannes and in Tokyo said it ignored the history that led to the bomb; Kurosawa replied that war was between governments, not people.

    Content note Brief sight of a nuclear explosion (BBFC U)

    rogerebert.comThe cost

  • Barefoot Gen Hadashi no Gen

    1983Mori Masaki83 minutes

    An animated film of the Hiroshima bombing seen through a six-year-old boy, from Keiji Nakazawa’s manga based on his own experience as a child in the city.75 76

    Content note Animated scenes of the bombing’s horror (BBFC 12: moderate war horror)

    qagoma.qld.gov.auThe cost

  • In This Corner of the World Kono sekai no katasumi ni

    2016Sunao Katabuchi129 minutes

    An animated film, from Fumiyo Kouno’s manga, about a young woman who leaves Hiroshima to live with her husband’s family in the naval port of Kure during the war. It won the Japan Academy Prize for animation.77 78 79

    Content note Animated bombing raids and deaths, with injury detail (BBFC 12A)

    ahf.nuclearmuseum.orgThe cost

Books

  • Hiroshima

    1946John HerseyPenguin Modern Classics, 2002

    The lives of six people in Hiroshima before, during and after the bomb, first printed as the whole of the New Yorker issue of 31 August 1946 and published as a book by Knopf the same year. The 1985 edition adds a final chapter, ‘The Aftermath’, written forty years later after Hersey went back to find the six.80 81 82 83

    penguin.co.ukThe cost

  • Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6 to September 30, 1945

    1955Michihiko Hachiya; translated and edited by Warner WellsUniversity of North Carolina Press, revised edition with a foreword by John W. Dower, 1995

    The day by day diary of the director of the Hiroshima Communications Hospital, himself injured, from 6 August to 30 September 1945. Published in English by the University of North Carolina Press in 1955, with a London edition from Victor Gollancz the same year.84 85 86

    uncpress.orgThe cost

  • Black Rain Kuroi ame

    1966Masuji Ibuse; translated by John BesterKodansha USA, 2012

    A novel of a man and his niece in Hiroshima, who falls ill with radiation sickness after being caught in the black rain after the bomb. It won the 19th Noma Literary Prize in 1966; John Bester’s English translation was published by Kodansha International in 1969.87 88 89 90

    find.library.upenn.eduThe cost

  • Barefoot Gen Hadashi no Gen

    1973Keiji Nakazawa; translated by Project GenLast Gasp, San Francisco, 10 volumes, from 2004, introduction by Art Spiegelman

    A manga drawn from the author’s own childhood in Hiroshima: he was six, his father, sister and brother died in their collapsed house. It began in Weekly Shonen Jump in 1973 and runs to ten volumes, about 2,000 pages in English.91 92 93 94

    Content note Graphic images of burned and dismembered victims; not for children to read alone

    lastgasp.comThe cost

  • The Bells of Nagasaki Nagasaki no kane

    1949Takashi Nagai; translated by William JohnstonVintage Classics, introduction by Richard Lloyd Parry, 2025 (ebook) and 2026 (paperback)

    The memoir of a Nagasaki Medical College radiologist, badly hurt in the college hospital on 9 August 1945, who went on treating the wounded; the title refers to the bells of Urakami Cathedral. Finished in 1946, it was held back by occupation censorship until January 1949; William Johnston’s translation came out from Kodansha International in 1984.95 96 97

    penguin.co.ukThe cost

  • Nagasaki: Life After Nuclear War

    2015Susan SouthardSouvenir Press, London, 2015 (paperback 2017)

    The Nagasaki bombing and its long aftermath, told through five survivors who were teenagers in 1945, and the censorship that followed. It won the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize in 2016.98 99 100 101

    penguinrandomhouse.comThe cost

  • Hiroshima: The Last Witnesses and Nagasaki: The Last Witnesses

    2024M. G. SheftallDutton, 2024 and 2025

    Two volumes built on years of interviews with survivors: Hiroshima before the bomb and minute by minute on 6 August 1945, then Nagasaki from the streets to the cockpit of Bockscar and the six days before surrender.102 103 104

    penguinrandomhouse.comThe costThe missions

  • Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-Up and the Reporter Who Revealed It to the World

    2020Lesley M. M. BlumeScribe, 2020

    How John Hersey and his editor William Shawn planned and published the Hiroshima report that filled the New Yorker in 1946, against official suppression of the bomb’s effects, and how it changed public views of the bombings. Pair with Hersey’s Hiroshima.105 106

    publishersweekly.comThe cost

  • American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer

    2005Kai Bird and Martin J. SherwinAtlantic Books, London, paperback 2009

    The full life of Oppenheimer, from New York and Berkeley to Los Alamos and the 1954 security hearing. Published by Alfred A. Knopf in 2005, it won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.107 108 109

    pulitzer.orgThe bomb

  • Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project

    1962Leslie R. GrovesDa Capo Press, 1983, new introduction by Edward Teller

    General Leslie Groves’s own account of the Manhattan Project, first published by Harper in 1962.110 111

    find.library.upenn.eduThe bombTinian

  • Dawn Over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb

    1946William L. Laurence

    The New York Times science reporter’s account of the bomb. Groves asked the Times to lend Laurence to the Manhattan Project as its chronicler, and he flew in The Great Artiste on the Nagasaki mission.112 113

    On accuracy Laurence was the Manhattan Project’s own chronicler, chosen with Groves’s backing, so this is a primary source rather than an independent history.

    find.library.upenn.eduThe bombThe missions

  • Return of the Enola Gay

    1998Paul W. Tibbets

    The memoir of the pilot and aircraft commander of the Enola Gay on the Hiroshima mission.114 115 116

    On accuracy Tibbets’s 1998 revision of his memoirs added a chapter on Nagasaki sharply critical of Charles Sweeney.

    si.eduThe planeTinianThe missions

  • War’s End: An Eyewitness Account of America’s Last Atomic Mission

    1997Charles W. Sweeney, with James A. Antonucci and Marion K. Antonucci

    The memoir of the pilot who flew The Great Artiste at Hiroshima and commanded Bockscar on the Nagasaki mission, including the fuel shortage on the Nagasaki flight.115 116 117 118

    On accuracy Tibbets disputed Sweeney’s account of the Nagasaki mission and in 1998 published a chapter sharply critical of him.

    kirkusreviews.comThe missionsThe plane

  • Enola Gay (UK title: Ruin from the Air: The Atomic Mission to Hiroshima)

    1977Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan-WittsSphere, London, 1978 (as Ruin from the Air)

    A narrative history of the Hiroshima mission, published in New York by Stein and Day in 1977 and in Britain as Ruin from the Air.119 120

    find.library.upenn.eduThe planeTinianThe missions

  • Shockwave: Countdown to Hiroshima

    2005Stephen WalkerJohn Murray, London, 2005 (as Shockwave: The Countdown to Hiroshima)

    The three weeks from the Trinity test to Hiroshima, told through American airmen and scientists and Japanese soldiers and civilians.121 122 123

    kirkusreviews.comThe bombTinianThe missionsThe cost

  • The Devil Reached Toward the Sky: An Oral History of the Making and Unleashing of the Atomic Bomb

    2025Garrett M. GraffMonoray, London, 2025

    An oral history from hundreds of voices: the scientists and workers, the 509th Composite Group and the B-29 crews, and the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.124 125

    simonandschuster.comThe bombThe planeTinianThe missionsThe cost

  • The Hiroshima Men: The Quest to Build the Atomic Bomb and the Fateful Decision to Use It

    2025Iain MacGregorConstable, 2025

    The road to Hiroshima through four men: General Leslie Groves, Colonel Paul Tibbets, Hiroshima’s mayor Senkichi Awaya, who died in the bombing, and the reporter John Hersey.126 127

    littlebrown.co.ukThe bombThe planeThe cost

  • Road to Surrender: Three Men and the Countdown to the End of World War II

    2023Evan ThomasElliott and Thompson, 2023

    The last months of the war through the diaries of three men: Henry Stimson, General Carl Spaatz and Japan’s foreign minister Shigenori Togo.128 129

    On accuracy The London Review of Books found that it closely follows Stimson and treats Soviet entry into the war only in passing.

    penguinrandomhouse.comThe cost

  • Hiroshima Notes Hiroshima noto

    1965Kenzaburo Oe; translated by David L. Swain and Toshi YonezawaGrove Press paperback, 1996

    Essays on Hiroshima’s survivors and the doctors who cared for them, by the 1994 Nobel laureate for literature, first published by Iwanami Shoten in June 1965.130 131 132

    groveatlantic.comThe cost

  • Countdown 1945: The Extraordinary Story of the Atomic Bomb and the 116 Days That Changed the World

    2020Chris Wallace with Mitch Weiss

    A popular account of the atomic bomb and the 116 days in 1945 that its subtitle says changed the world.133

    find.library.upenn.eduThe bombThe cost

  • Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944 to 1945

    2020Ian W. Toll

    A narrative history of the war in the western Pacific in 1944 and 1945.134

    find.library.upenn.eduTinianThe missions

Archives and testimony online

  • Voices of the Manhattan Project

    Atomic Heritage Foundation and Los Alamos Historical Society

    An online archive of about 600 recorded interviews with Manhattan Project veterans and their families. It includes 509th Composite Group material, such as a 2016 interview with the group’s official historian Joseph Papalia.135 136

    ahf.nuclearmuseum.orgThe bombThe planeTinian

  • Peace Database

    Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

    The museum’s database of its own collections: artefacts, photographs, survivors’ drawings, survivor testimonies, art, books and audio and video. The museum also arranges live online testimony by a survivor for groups of ten or more outside Japan.137 138

    hpmm-db.jpThe cost

  • Global Network of the National Peace Memorial Halls for the Atomic Bomb Victims

    Hiroshima and Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Halls for the Atomic Bomb Victims

    Survivors’ written memoirs, testimony videos and narrated readings, in English as well as Japanese, run by the two national memorial halls.139

    global-peace.go.jpThe cost

  • Hiroshima Archive

    2011Hiroshima Archive Production Committee (Professor Hidenori Watanave, University of Tokyo, with Hiroshima Jogakuin school)

    A digital map archive that places survivors’ accounts, photographs and 1945 maps on a 3D globe of the city. It draws on material from the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and survivor groups and follows the Nagasaki Archive of 2010.140 141

    hiroshima.mapping.jpThe cost

  • Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Exhibition of B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay

    2005Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

    The museum’s own questions and answers on why and how the Enola Gay is shown at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.142

    airandspace.si.eduThe plane

  • Bockscar: The Mission

    National Museum of the United States Air Force

    The museum’s account of the Nagasaki mission: the aircraft swap with Frederick Bock, the cloud over Kokura, the fuel problem and the Okinawa stop.118

    nationalmuseum.af.milThe missions

  • The Bomb (podcast, series 1: Leo Szilard)

    2020BBC World Service

    A podcast series presented by Emily Strasser, a prologue and seven episodes released from July to September 2020, following the physicist Leo Szilard from his first insight into nuclear energy to Hiroshima. Later series cover the spy Klaus Fuchs, and Kennedy and Khrushchev.143 144 145

    bbc.co.ukThe bomb

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  65. British Board of Film Classification, Hiroshima. Checked 11 October 2026.
  66. British Film Institute, Hiroshima mon amour (1959). Checked 11 October 2026.
  67. British Film Institute, 10 great films about the atomic age. Checked 11 October 2026.
  68. British Board of Film Classification, Hiroshima Mon Amour. Checked 11 October 2026.
  69. trigon-film (distributor), Hiroshima mon amour. Checked 11 October 2026.
  70. Harvard Film Archive, Black Rain. Checked 11 October 2026.
  71. British Board of Film Classification, Black Rain. Checked 11 October 2026.
  72. RogerEbert.com, Rhapsody in August movie review (Roger Ebert). Checked 11 October 2026.
  73. Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Rhapsody in August = Hachigatsu no kyoshikyoku. Checked 11 October 2026.
  74. British Board of Film Classification, Rhapsody In August. Checked 11 October 2026.
  75. Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art, Barefoot Gen. Checked 11 October 2026.
  76. British Board of Film Classification, Barefoot Gen. Checked 11 October 2026.
  77. Atomic Heritage Foundation (National Museum of Nuclear Science and History), Movie Review: In This Corner of the World. Checked 11 October 2026.
  78. British Board of Film Classification, In This Corner Of The World. Checked 11 October 2026.
  79. eiga.com, 40th Japan Academy Prize results (3 March 2017). Checked 11 October 2026.
  80. Penguin Random House (Vintage), Hiroshima by John Hersey. Checked 11 October 2026.
  81. Penguin Books UK, Hiroshima (Penguin Modern Classics, 2002). Checked 11 October 2026.
  82. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Hiroshima, Knopf, 1946, first edition (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  83. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Hiroshima, new edition, Knopf, 1985 (catalogue record, contents include The aftermath). Checked 11 October 2026.
  84. University of North Carolina Press, Hiroshima Diary, revised edition (publisher page). Checked 11 October 2026.
  85. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Hiroshima diary, 1955 (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  86. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: hachiya hiroshima diary (UNC 1955; Gollancz, London, 1955; UNC 1995; Monoray, London, 2024). Checked 11 October 2026.
  87. Shinchosha, Kuroi ame (publisher page, Shincho Bunko; lists the 19th Noma Literary Prize). Checked 11 October 2026.
  88. Kodansha (prize body), Noma Literary Prize: past winners (19th, 1966: Kuroi ame, Ibuse Masuji, Shinchosha). Checked 11 October 2026.
  89. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Black rain, Kodansha International, 1969, translation of Kuroi ame (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  90. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: ibuse black rain (Kodansha USA 2012, first US edition). Checked 11 October 2026.
  91. Michiko Tanaka, Chugoku Shimbun, Hiroshima Peace Media Center, 28 December 2012, Keiji Nakazawa dies: Author of 'Barefoot Gen' was 73. Checked 11 October 2026.
  92. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Barefoot Gen: a cartoon story of Hiroshima, Last Gasp, 2004-, 10 volumes (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  93. Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, Case Study: Barefoot Gen. Checked 11 October 2026.
  94. Last Gasp, Barefoot Gen Vol. 1 (publisher page). Checked 11 October 2026.
  95. Nippon.com, 7 August 2015, Nagasaki's Light and Shadow. Checked 11 October 2026.
  96. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, The bells of Nagasaki, Kodansha International, 1984 (catalogue record, translation of Nagasaki no kane). Checked 11 October 2026.
  97. Penguin Books UK, The Bells of Nagasaki (Vintage Classics). Checked 11 October 2026.
  98. Penguin Random House, Nagasaki by Susan Southard. Checked 11 October 2026.
  99. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: Viking, New York, 2015 (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  100. Nieman Foundation, Harvard, Southard, Wachsmann and Luxenberg named winners of the 2016 J. Anthony Lukas Prize Project Awards. Checked 11 October 2026.
  101. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: Souvenir Press, London, 2015 and 2017. Checked 11 October 2026.
  102. Penguin Random House, Hiroshima by M. G. Sheftall (Dutton, 10 September 2024). Checked 11 October 2026.
  103. Penguin Random House, Nagasaki by M. G. Sheftall (Dutton, 5 August 2025). Checked 11 October 2026.
  104. Book Marks (Literary Hub), Hiroshima: The Last Witnesses, review roundup (quotes Meghan Cox Gurdon, Wall Street Journal). Checked 11 October 2026.
  105. Publishers Weekly, 3 June 2020, Fallout (review). Checked 11 October 2026.
  106. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: Scribe edition, 2020. Checked 11 October 2026.
  107. The Pulitzer Prizes, Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin (2006 Biography winner, Alfred A. Knopf). Checked 11 October 2026.
  108. Penguin Random House, American Prometheus (hardcover 5 April 2005). Checked 11 October 2026.
  109. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: Atlantic Books, London. Checked 11 October 2026.
  110. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Now it can be told, Da Capo, 1983, reprint of Harper 1962 (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  111. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: Harper, 1962, first edition. Checked 11 October 2026.
  112. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Dawn over zero, Knopf, 1946, first edition (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  113. Atomic Heritage Foundation, William L. Laurence. Checked 11 October 2026.
  114. Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Return of the Enola Gay / Paul W. Tibbets, 1998 (catalogue record, 'A Paul Tibbets Book 1998'). Checked 11 October 2026.
  115. Air and Space Forces Magazine, Near Failure at Nagasaki. Checked 11 October 2026.
  116. Atomic Heritage Foundation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki Missions: Planes & Crews. Checked 11 October 2026.
  117. Kirkus Reviews, War's End (review). Checked 11 October 2026.
  118. National Museum of the United States Air Force, Bockscar: The Mission. Checked 11 October 2026.
  119. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Enola Gay, Stein and Day, 1977 (search result). Checked 11 October 2026.
  120. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: Ruin from the air, Sphere 1978, Panther 1985 (c1977). Checked 11 October 2026.
  121. Kirkus Reviews, Shockwave (review). Checked 11 October 2026.
  122. Publishers Weekly, Shockwave: Countdown to Hiroshima (review, 23 May 2005). Checked 11 October 2026.
  123. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: HarperCollins, New York, 2005; John Murray, London, 2005. Checked 11 October 2026.
  124. Simon & Schuster, The Devil Reached Toward the Sky (Avid Reader Press, 5 August 2025). Checked 11 October 2026.
  125. Jisc Library Hub Discover (UK union catalogue), Search results: Monoray, London, 2025. Checked 11 October 2026.
  126. Little, Brown Book Group, The Hiroshima Men (Constable). Checked 11 October 2026.
  127. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: Constable, London, 2025. Checked 11 October 2026.
  128. Penguin Random House, Road to Surrender (Random House; ebook 16 May 2023). Checked 11 October 2026.
  129. Andrew Cockburn, London Review of Books, vol. 45 no. 22, 16 November 2023, Big Six v. Little Boy. Checked 11 October 2026.
  130. Grove Atlantic, Hiroshima Notes (publisher page). Checked 11 October 2026.
  131. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Hiroshima notes, Grove, 1996; earlier edition Marion Boyars, 1995 (catalogue record). Checked 11 October 2026.
  132. Ryukyu Shimpo, Article of 6 August 2014 noting Hiroshima Noto (Iwanami Shinsho) published June 1965. Checked 11 October 2026.
  133. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: Avid Reader Press, New York, 2020. Checked 11 October 2026.
  134. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Search results: W. W. Norton, New York, 2020, first edition. Checked 11 October 2026.
  135. Atomic Heritage Foundation, Voices of the Manhattan Project. Checked 11 October 2026.
  136. Atomic Heritage Foundation, Joseph Papalia's Interview (13 June 2016). Checked 11 October 2026.
  137. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Peace Database. Checked 11 October 2026.
  138. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Online A-bomb Survivor Testimony. Checked 11 October 2026.
  139. Hiroshima and Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Halls for the Atomic Bomb Victims, Global Network (English home page). Checked 11 October 2026.
  140. Hiroshima Archive Production Committee, Hiroshima Archive: Introduction. Checked 11 October 2026.
  141. Hiroshima Archive Production Committee, Hiroshima Archive: Members. Checked 11 October 2026.
  142. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Frequently asked questions regarding the exhibition of the B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay. Checked 11 October 2026.
  143. BBC World Service, The Bomb. Checked 11 October 2026.
  144. BBC World Service, The Bomb, 1. Moonshine (31 July 2020). Checked 11 October 2026.
  145. BBC, The Bomb podcast feed (names Emily Strasser as presenter of series 1 and Rosa Ellis of series 2). Checked 11 October 2026.

Checked against its sources on 11 October 2026.